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Transesterification of Palm Oil to Biodiesel and Optimization of Production Conditions i.e. Methanol, Sodium Hydroxide and Temperature

Received: 25 May 2015     Accepted: 6 June 2015     Published: 23 June 2015
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Abstract

Biodiesel is an alkyl ester of long chain fatty acids and considered as an alternative to lower the appalling consequence of fuel on the environment. It is produced by transesterification of a fat or oil with a short chain primary alcohol like methanol and alkali like sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Palm oil (Elaeis guineensis) was used as source to produce biodiesel and Box Behnken experimental design was applied to see the effect of various process parameters, i.e. methanol quantity, alkali concentration and temperature for the optimization of calorific value of biodiesel. Response surface plots and contour plot were created in order to perceive the optimum condition. Though, all the three variables significantly affected the calorific value of the palm biodiesel, but it was found that methanol was more effective variable than alkali concentration and temperature. It was observed that 12.5 ml methanol/50 ml oil and 0.4 gm NaOH/50 ml oil and 55°C temperature were optimum condition, where the calorific value of palm biodiesel is 9297.206 kcal/kg.

Published in Journal of Energy and Natural Resources (Volume 4, Issue 3)
DOI 10.11648/j.jenr.20150403.12
Page(s) 45-51
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2015. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Biodiesel, Palm Oil, Transesterification, Calorific Value, Optimization

References
[1] (2011) Commission services, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, [Online]. Available: http://www.inforse.dk/europe/dieret/WHY/why.html.
[2] (2011) International Energy Outlook 2010, U.S. Energy Information Administration,[Online]. Available: http://205.254.135.24/oiaf/ieo/highlights.html.
[3] (2011) US Department of Energy on greenhouse gases, [Online]. Available: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossil_fuel.
[4] (2011) U.S. Department of Energy and the U.S. Department of Agriculture, [Online]. Available: http://www.jatrophabiodiesel.org/bioDiesel.php.
[5] A. Nag, “Biofuels Refining and Performance”, New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 2007.
[6] S. Paweetida, J. Hiroi, K. Yoshikawa and T.Namioka, “Basic Chemical Reaction Study on Biodiesel Fuel Production from Plant Oil”, Tokyo Institute of Technology, paper presented at 2nd AUN SEEDNet Regional Conference on New and Renewable Energy, Thailand, January 2010.
[7] R. Burton and L. Forer, (2015), “Introduction to Biofuels: Biodiesel and Straight Vegetable Oil”, [online]. Available at: www.biofuels.coop/pdfs/1_intro.pdf.
[8] EG. Shay, “Diesel fuel from vegetable oil: status and opportunities”, Biomass Bioenergy, 1993; 4(4):227^4-2, 1993.
[9] L. Attanatho, S.Magmee and P. Jenvanitpanjakul, “Factors Affecting the Synthesis of Biodiesel from Crude Palm Kernel Oil”, the Joint International Conference on “Sustainable Energy and Environment (SEE)” 1-3 December 2004, HuaHin, Thailand.
[10] Box, G. E. P., Behnken, D. W., Technometrics 1960, 2, 455 – 475.
[11] Cocharn, W. G. and Cox, G. M., Experimental Designs, 2nd Ed., Wiley, New York 1992.
[12] Mamun, A. A., Siddiqua, S. and Babar, S. M. E, “Selection of an Efficient Method of Biodiesel Production from Vegetable Oil Based on Fuel Properties”, International Journal of Trends and Technology, 2013, V4 (8):3289-3293.
[13] Babar, S.M.E., Song, S.J., Hasan, M.N. and Yoo, Y.S., “Experimental design optimization of the capillary electrophoresis separation of leucine enkephalin and its immune complex”, Wiley Inter Science, 2007.
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    Shaila Siddiqua, Abdullah Al Mamun, Sheikh Md. Enayetul Babar. (2015). Transesterification of Palm Oil to Biodiesel and Optimization of Production Conditions i.e. Methanol, Sodium Hydroxide and Temperature. Journal of Energy and Natural Resources, 4(3), 45-51. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jenr.20150403.12

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    ACS Style

    Shaila Siddiqua; Abdullah Al Mamun; Sheikh Md. Enayetul Babar. Transesterification of Palm Oil to Biodiesel and Optimization of Production Conditions i.e. Methanol, Sodium Hydroxide and Temperature. J. Energy Nat. Resour. 2015, 4(3), 45-51. doi: 10.11648/j.jenr.20150403.12

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    AMA Style

    Shaila Siddiqua, Abdullah Al Mamun, Sheikh Md. Enayetul Babar. Transesterification of Palm Oil to Biodiesel and Optimization of Production Conditions i.e. Methanol, Sodium Hydroxide and Temperature. J Energy Nat Resour. 2015;4(3):45-51. doi: 10.11648/j.jenr.20150403.12

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  • @article{10.11648/j.jenr.20150403.12,
      author = {Shaila Siddiqua and Abdullah Al Mamun and Sheikh Md. Enayetul Babar},
      title = {Transesterification of Palm Oil to Biodiesel and Optimization of Production Conditions i.e. Methanol, Sodium Hydroxide and Temperature},
      journal = {Journal of Energy and Natural Resources},
      volume = {4},
      number = {3},
      pages = {45-51},
      doi = {10.11648/j.jenr.20150403.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jenr.20150403.12},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jenr.20150403.12},
      abstract = {Biodiesel is an alkyl ester of long chain fatty acids and considered as an alternative to lower the appalling consequence of fuel on the environment. It is produced by transesterification of a fat or oil with a short chain primary alcohol like methanol and alkali like sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Palm oil (Elaeis guineensis) was used as source to produce biodiesel and Box Behnken experimental design was applied to see the effect of various process parameters, i.e. methanol quantity, alkali concentration and temperature for the optimization of calorific value of biodiesel. Response surface plots and contour plot were created in order to perceive the optimum condition. Though, all the three variables significantly affected the calorific value of the palm biodiesel, but it was found that methanol was more effective variable than alkali concentration and temperature. It was observed that 12.5 ml methanol/50 ml oil and 0.4 gm NaOH/50 ml oil and 55°C temperature were optimum condition, where the calorific value of palm biodiesel is 9297.206 kcal/kg.},
     year = {2015}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Transesterification of Palm Oil to Biodiesel and Optimization of Production Conditions i.e. Methanol, Sodium Hydroxide and Temperature
    AU  - Shaila Siddiqua
    AU  - Abdullah Al Mamun
    AU  - Sheikh Md. Enayetul Babar
    Y1  - 2015/06/23
    PY  - 2015
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jenr.20150403.12
    DO  - 10.11648/j.jenr.20150403.12
    T2  - Journal of Energy and Natural Resources
    JF  - Journal of Energy and Natural Resources
    JO  - Journal of Energy and Natural Resources
    SP  - 45
    EP  - 51
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2330-7404
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jenr.20150403.12
    AB  - Biodiesel is an alkyl ester of long chain fatty acids and considered as an alternative to lower the appalling consequence of fuel on the environment. It is produced by transesterification of a fat or oil with a short chain primary alcohol like methanol and alkali like sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Palm oil (Elaeis guineensis) was used as source to produce biodiesel and Box Behnken experimental design was applied to see the effect of various process parameters, i.e. methanol quantity, alkali concentration and temperature for the optimization of calorific value of biodiesel. Response surface plots and contour plot were created in order to perceive the optimum condition. Though, all the three variables significantly affected the calorific value of the palm biodiesel, but it was found that methanol was more effective variable than alkali concentration and temperature. It was observed that 12.5 ml methanol/50 ml oil and 0.4 gm NaOH/50 ml oil and 55°C temperature were optimum condition, where the calorific value of palm biodiesel is 9297.206 kcal/kg.
    VL  - 4
    IS  - 3
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh

  • Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh

  • Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh

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